What is melasma?
Melasma, also known as chloasma , is a pigmented skin condition characterized by localized hyperpigmentation, usually seen on the face. This hyperpigmentation appears as brown or grayish spots, often irregular in shape, and appears mainly on the cheeks, forehead, chin, and upper lip . These spots can vary in size, shape, and intensity of pigmentation.
Although melasma can affect anyone, it is more common in women of childbearing age and those with darker skin.
Medically, melasma is considered a benign skin condition .
What are the origins of this skin condition?
From a dermatological point of view, melasma is the result of an increase in the production of melanin in the melanocytes of the skin.
Melanocytes are specialized cells that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. Several factors contribute to the overproduction of melanin in melasma, including exposure to the sun's UV rays, hormonal changes , such as those occurring during pregnancy or the use of oral contraceptives , and predisposing genetic factors.
It is also possible that certain irritating cosmetic products can cause melasma.
How to treat melasma?
Melasma treatment aims to reduce hyperpigmentation and prevent its recurrence. Several treatment approaches can be considered, depending on the severity of symptoms and the patient's preferences. If you notice spots appearing on your face or other parts of your body, consult a dermatologist for medical advice and appropriate treatment.
Depigmenting or anti-blemish creams
Skin hyperpigmentation can be treated with creams containing active ingredients that work by inhibiting melanin production. There are several active ingredients:
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Kojic acid : It inhibits the enzyme needed for melanin production. It is found in skin care products and its regular use can help lighten dark spots and even out skin tone.
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Azelaic acid : Derived from grains such as wheat, barley, or rye, azelaic acid is often found in anti-blemish treatments. It reduces melanin synthesis in addition to its anti-inflammatory properties .
- Vitamin C : Also known as ascorbic acid, is widely recognized for its many beneficial properties for the skin, including its lightening properties .
- Hydroquinone: this molecule is a powerful lightening agent not recommended due to its side effects (skin discoloration).
Superficial peeling
Superficial peeling is a dermatological procedure used in the treatment of melasma and other skin hyperpigmentation problems. This technique involves applying a chemical solution to the skin to exfoliate the surface layers of the epidermis. The peeling thus promotes cell renewal and the reduction of pigmentation spots.
Laser therapy
Laser treatments for melasma work by emitting beams of light that destroy the target cells (melanocytes). The laser is used to fade spots and even out skin tone. Although performed by a healthcare professional, laser treatment can cause side effects such as redness, swelling, or peeling.
Tips for taking care of your skin every day
Taking care of your skin daily can reduce the risk of developing melasma.
It is strongly recommended to apply sunscreen every day of the year to protect your skin from the sun's UV rays and their harmful effects.
Choose an effective routine , adapted to your skin type and avoid irritating products.
Finally, adopt a healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet, adequate hydration (at least 1.5 liters of water per day), sufficient sleep, and good stress management.
